
And that’s a wrap
And there we leave the literature prize for another year. (Let’s assume it is now a yearly event.)
Here is my colleague Alison Flood’s news story on the prize, which will be updated throughout the day as we get reactions:
The 2019 Nobel peace prize will be announced on Friday at 11am CEST (10am BST).
One of Olga Tokarczuk’s translators has been in touch: Jennifer Croft, who most recently translated Flights (which won the 2018 Man Booker International prize).
Croft says: “I’m so thrilled for Olga and so excited for all the new readers who are bound to discover her delicate, powerful, beautifully nuanced novels and short stories thanks to the prize.”
Updated
Handke also called for the Nobel to be abolished in 2014, saying it was a “false canonisation” of literature.
“The Nobel prize should finally be abolished,” he told Austrian newspaper Die Presse, adding that though it delivered “a moment of attention, six pages in the newspaper”, he did not admire the choices. Was he just a sore loser? “Of course it’s [a prize] that bothers you, then you’re annoying yourself because you think about it. It’s so unworthy, and at the same time you’re just so unworthy of it.”
The choice of Peter Handke seems incredibly strange, given the Nobel committee had shown so many indications of moving away from incendiary laureates.
The Nobel committee decides to dig itself out of scandal by awarding this year's Nobel prize in literature to an Austrian defender of Milosevic who denies that the Srebrenica massacre happened.
— Molly McKew (@MollyMcKew) October 10, 2019
Way to read the times, Nobel committee 🙄https://t.co/laYvRWUt0w
While initially left-leaning in his youth, his increasingly pro-Milosevic stance saw many writers distance themselves from him in the 1990s. After the end of the three-year Serbian siege of Sarajevo, he claimed that the Muslims had staged their own massacres in Sarajevo and had blamed this on the Serbs.
Then, Alain Finkielkraut, the Paris intellectual, said Handke had become “an ideological monster”, while Slavoj Zizek – who is Slovene – said Handke’s “glorification of the Serbs is cynicism”. And Susan Sontag, who had spent several months in Sarajevo during the Bosnian war staging a performance of Waiting For Godot, said that Handke was now “finished” in New York.
Updated
Who is Peter Handke?
The Austrian playwright and author is a more controversial decision than Tokarczuk. His selection come days after the Swedish Academy promised to move away from the “male-oriented” and “Eurocentric” past of the Nobel prize in literature. Handke doesn’t change either of those directions.
His bibliography contains novels, essays, note books, dramatic works and screenplays. He has lived in Paris since the 1990s, and is most famous for his play The Hour We Knew Nothing of Each Other (completely dialogue free), his screenwriting credit for Wim Wenders’ Wings of Desire and particularly the novel Die Wiederholung (Repetition).
Handke, who has Slovenic origins on the maternal side, famously gave a speech at the 2006 funeral of Serbian war criminal Slobodan Milošević, a decision that was criticised widely. His nomination for the Heinrich Heine prize that same year was eventually withdrawn due to his political views. His 2014 win of the International Ibsen award was also met by protests in Oslo.
Updated
The Nobel committee have ended the press conference by confirming that both authors each win 9m Swedish krona (£746,678). “It is a full prize,” one judge said, slightly rattled that we haven’t all got the hang of this two prize thing yet.
We’ve been told Tokarczuk is currently on the train in Germany. Blimey. Let’s hope they have some bubbly on board.
Who is Olga Tokarczuk?
Torkarczuk is a surprising, but an excellent choice. The judges are describing her as “a writer preoccupied by local life ... but looking at earth from above ... her work is full of wit and cunning.” Aside from her novels, which are wide-ranging and brilliantly translated into English by Antonia Lloyd-Jones and Jennifer Croft, she also has political heft. As public intellectual, feminist vegetarian, she has frequently rankled the conservative edges of Poland.
In a television interview after she won the Nike award (Poland’s Booker equivalent), Tokarczuk outraged rightwing patriots by saying that, contrary to its self-image as a plucky survivor of oppression, Poland itself had committed “horrendous acts” of colonisation at times in its history. She was branded a “targowiczanin” – an ancient term for traitor – and her publisher had to hire bodyguards for a while to protect her.
The panel have emerged to explain their decision making. This is far more open process already than previous years.
The 2018 Nobel has been awarded to the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk – who won the 2018 Man Booker International prize for her novel Flights – “for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life.”
The 2019 Nobel has been awarded to the Austrian author Peter Handke “for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience.”
The winners are Olga Tokarczuk and Peter Handke!
BREAKING NEWS:
— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 10, 2019
The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018 is awarded to the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk. The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019 is awarded to the Austrian author Peter Handke.#NobelPrize pic.twitter.com/CeKNz1oTSB
Here we go!
How exciting.
How many women vs men have won the Nobel in literature?
With the head of the Swedish Academy promising to move away from the prize’s “male-oriented” past, its important to remember that only 14 women have won, compared with 113 men. Only one laureate – the late Toni Morrison – is a woman of colour.
The 14 women who have won are:
Selma Lagerlof, 1909
Grazia Deledda, 1926
Sigrid Undset, 1928
Pearl Buck, 1938
Gabriela Mistral, 1945
Nelly Sachs, 1966
Nadine Gordimer, 1991
Toni Morrison, 1993
Wislawa Szymborska, 1996
Elfriede Jelinek, 2004
Doris Lessing, 2007
Herta Muller, 2009
Alice Munro, 2013
Svetlana Alexievich, 2015
Updated
If you need a last minute refresher as to why we have two Nobel laureates this year, Jon Henley has produced this summary:
The Swedish Academy, founded in 1786, is thought likely to try to avoid any controversy as it seeks to rebuild its reputation after the scandal exposed harassment, furious infighting, conflicts of interest and a culture of secrecy among its 18 members, who are elected for life and seen as the country’s guardians of culture.
The poet Katarina Frostenson was among seven academy members who left the body after bitter rows over how to handle rape accusations made in 2017 against her husband, Frenchman Jean-Claude Arnault, who was also accused of leaking the names of several prize winners.
The couple ran a cultural club in Stockholm that was part-funded by the academy, and several of the assaults committed by Arnault – who is now serving a prison sentence for rape – took place in academy-owned properties.
The academy has since made changes that it says will improve transparency, including allowing members to voluntarily resign, which they could not previously do. It has also pledged to review its lifetime membership policy and appointed five members to its selection committee from outside the body.
A late but worthy contender.
I’m on my way to the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Literature so stay tuned for updates! I am naturally hoping it goes to Coleen Rooney for mastery of the three act structure and iconic triple ellipses.
— Catherine Edwards (@CatJREdwards) October 10, 2019
The live stream is starting
You can watch it at the top of this liveblog. You can enjoy 10 minutes of nervous chatter among journalists.
Updated
Possible contender: Haruki Murakami
The Japanese novelist is a frequent frontrunner for the prize. Last year, he withdrew from the New Academy award – the one off replacement for the Nobel in 2018 – citing a wish to concentrate on his writing.
Then, the New Academy said in a statement that Murakami had emailed them saying that it was a great honour to be shortlisted. But “Murakami then said his preference is to concentrate on his writing, away from media attention … The New Academy regrets but respects his decision.”
Will he accept the Nobel if it finally comes his way this year? Fans certainly hope so.
Nobel Prize in literature in a few days, who you got? Since they're awarding two this year, do they finally give one to Murakami?
— Stephen Williams (@StephenTBW) October 8, 2019
Fingers crossed for Haruki Murakami to finally win the Nobel Prize in Literature! Love him! ❤#HarukiMurakami #NobelPrize2019 #NobelPrizeLiterature
— Suraya Pelszynski (@thepelszynski) October 10, 2019
Updated
Possible contender: Anne Carson
Will this be the Canadian poet’s year? Bookmakers’ odds aren’t as reliable as they used to be, but Carson has been rising steadily for the last week. And it’s not hard to see why. Writing in the Guardian about her verse-novel Red Doc> in 2013 , Sarah Crown was emphatic: “Carson is, simply, one of the very best.”
A poet, essayist, translator, librettist and classical scholar, Carson is as daring with form as she is deft with emotion. When Daphne Merkin reviewed The Beauty of the Husband, which glories in the subtitle “A Fictional Essay in 29 Tangos”, she recalled how Carson’s writing had been unclassifiable from the start, “even by today’s motley, genre-bending standards. Was she writing poetry? Prose? Prose poems? Fiction? Nonfiction? Did even her publishers know for sure?”
“What her fellow poets would do well to ask themselves,” Merkin concluded, “is not whether what Carson is writing can or cannot be called poetry, but how has she succeeded in making it – whatever label you give it – so thrillingly new?”
Another annual tradition set to return with the Nobel is people posing as contenders on Twitter to catch out lazy journalists.
A call from Stockholm. Swedish Academy awarded me the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019. I'm very honoured and very happy. Thanks!
— Anne Carson (@ACarsonAuthor) October 10, 2019
Possible contender: Maryse Condé
As we said earlier, Guadeloupean novelist Maryse Condé is the current favourite (not that that always helps you win the Nobel). Last year, she was the first and only winner of the New Academy prize in literature, a one-off award intended to fill the void left by the cancellation of the Nobel.
The author of some 20 novels, including Desirada, Segu and Crossing the Mangrove, Condé was praised by New Academy chair of judges Ann Pålsson as a “grand storyteller” who “belongs to world literature”.
“She describes the ravages of colonialism and the post-colonial chaos in a language which is both precise and overwhelming,” Pålsson said. “The dead live in her stories closely to the living in a … world where gender, race and class are constantly turned over in new constellations.”
Speaking on a video played at a ceremony in Stockholm, Condé said she was “very happy and proud” to win the award. “But please allow me to share it with my family, my friends and above all the people of Guadeloupe, who will be thrilled and touched seeing me receive this prize,” she said. “We are such a small country, only mentioned when there are hurricanes or earthquakes and things like that. Now we are so happy to be recognised for something else.”
The average age of a Nobel literature laureate is 67. As the 87-year-old Doris Lessing famously remarked, on being told of her win as she emerged from a London taxi in 2007: “Oh Christ. It’s been going on for 30 years. One can get more excited.”
No matter who wins today, no one will ever top that reaction.
We're about to get the result of the Nobel prize for literature. In 2007 Doris Lessing won. Here's how she responded https://t.co/wryN11g930 pic.twitter.com/UHX11w6RCs
— BBC Newsnight (@BBCNewsnight) October 13, 2016
One writer whose name has been thrown around as a possible winner is British fantasy author Neil Gaiman. Gaiman is unconvinced. “ I think the odds are slightly higher that I will wake up to find myself transformed into a giant cockroach,” he said on Twitter last night.
The son of perennial contender Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o is more hopeful. “I am so confident that my father will win The Nobel Prize in Literature this year that the only question I have is where he will hang the medal!” Mukoma wa Ngũgĩ wrote on Twitter earlier this week.
Updated
Possible contender: Annie Ernaux
The 79-year-old French writer is the author of several acclaimed works of “auto-fiction” – a blend of autobiographical detail and novelistic storytelling. Her most recent works translated in English are The Years (translated by Alison L Strayer), which tells the story of France from 1941 to the present day through the thread of one woman’s life; and Happening (translated by Tanya Leslie), the harrowing story of her illegal abortion as a student in Rouen in 1963.
In France, she is regarded as perhaps the greatest chronicler of French society in the last 50 years, and is one of the few women on France’s male-dominated high school literature syllabuses.
In a recent interview with the Guardian, she explained her work thusly: “In the autobiographical tradition we speak about ourselves and the events are the background. I have reversed this [...] The events in my book belong to everyone, to history, to sociology.”
Ernaux has stacked up awards in recent years, winning the Marguerite Yourcenar award, the Premio Hemingway and the Prix Formentor, and landing a shortlist spot on this year’s Man Booker International prize.
Will one of this year’s literature laureates be a woman – or even both?
With only 14 women having triumphed so far in a prize whose history stretches back almost 120 years, the award is still a long way off from gender parity. Even the chair of the Nobel committee, Anders Olsson, admits the jury needs to “widen our perspective”.
“Previously it was much more male-oriented,” Olsson said. “Now we have so many female writers who are really great, so we hope the prize and the whole process of the prize has been intensified and is much broader in its scope.”
But maybe we shouldn’t expect too much. Putting aside the troubling implication that only “now” do we have “female writers who are really great”, it’s not the first time the Swedish Academy has declared they may be able to find one or two authors who might not be blokes.
Rewind to 2011, when Peter Englund – then permanent secretary of the Nobel Academy – admitted on the Guardian Books podcast that the fact Herta Müller was only the 12th female laureate weighed on his shoulders. Like Olsson, Englund proclaimed that the Academy must “reach out”. But he rejected any suggestion of positive discrimination, claiming it would be “disastrous for the prize and it would really be disastrous for the one who got the prize”.
After all his talk about the need for the Academy to open up, who did the panel select in 2011? Tomas Tranströmer.
Two Nobel literature laureates have been named on four previous occasions:
- 1904: France’s Frederic Mistral and Spain’s José Echegaray y Eizaguirre. Mistral was awarded for his “fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production” whereas Eizaguirre – a playwright, mathematician and engineer – won for his plays that revived “the great traditions of the Spanish drama.”
- 1917: Danish scholar and poet Karl Adolph Gejellerup split the prize with Henrik Pontoppidan as there was no award being given the following year due to war.
- 1966: Nelly Sachs and Shmuel Yosef Agnon won. Collecting her award, Sachs said that Agnon represented Israel whereas “I represent the tragedy of the Jewish people.”
- 1974: Swedish writers Harry Martinson and Eyvind Johnson – who also happened to be members of the Swedish Academy – won “for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos”. This decision was widely mocked as nepotism and, four years later, Martinson killed himself.
Hiatuses have usually been the result of war, like in 1914, 1918 and 1940. When it was announced that there would be no 2018 laureate, the Academy said it was merely being postponed, as it has been on seven other occasions.
“Nothing is changed in our work except the announcement of a laureate, which is postponed until early October next year along with that year’s laureate. A procedure not unusual,” Nobel chairman Per Wästberg said then, recalling when another such postponement resulted in William Faulkner and Bertrand Russell rolling up together, “Russell in splendid witty form, Faulkner basically drunk.”
Updated
The LRB is already on fine form. (No, that’s not a real news story.)
RT @guardian BREAKING: Colin Dexter awarded first posthumous Nobel in prize's history https://t.co/YzgAvlxBLV
— LRB Bookshop (@LRBbookshop) October 10, 2019
What are the odds?
At Ladbrokes (as of last Friday), Guadeloupean author (and the winner of last year’s, one-off New Academy award to replace the usual Nobel) Maryse Condé is topping the odds at 4/1. She is followed by Lyudmila Ulitskaya at 5/1, and Haruki Murakami and Margaret Atwood, both at 6/1. “With the exception of Murakami who is seemingly always the bridesmaid when it comes to Nobel literature runners and riders, the top of betting is dominated by female writers,” said Jessica O’Reilly of Ladbrokes. “Literary punters are convinced that at least one, if not both, awards will be won by women this time around, with Conde and Ulitskaya heavily backed for success.”
Other contenders include Ngugi Wa Thiong’o at 8/1, Anne Carson, Ko Un and Javier Marias at 10/1, Yan Lianke at 12/1, and Amos Oz and Don DeLillo at 16/1.
It’s worth noting, however, that the favourite hasn’t won the Nobel for at least the last few years. When Kazuo Ishiguro took the most recent prize in 2017, Thiong’o and Murakami were topping the odds – as they were when Bob Dylan won in 2016.
In previous years, however, last-minute favourites have gone on to take the prize: in 2008, a run on betting on Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio led to suspicions of a leak, in 2009, Herta Müller zoomed up the rankings on the morning of the prize, as did Tomas Tranströmer in 2011. According to Dagens Nyheter, an internal investigation by the Swedish Academy concluded that Jean-Claude Arnault, the man at the centre of the sexual abuse and financial misconduct scandal that postponed last year’s prize, may have leaked the names of at least seven laureates.
Welcome to the live blog for the 2019 Nobel prize in literature
Welcome to day four of the 2019 Nobel prizes! Losing steam yet? Hopefully not - as today we see the return of the Nobel prize in literature and, for the first time in more than 40 years, two laureates named due to the scandal that cancelled last year’s prize. (More on that later.)
We had the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine on Monday, physics on Tuesday and chemistry on Wednesday. But today is all about authors (or maybe a musician who has “created new poetic expressions”, everything is permissible now). So if you have written a cracking bunch of books (or if your wife did it for you), stay close to your phone.
Everyone else, please join us for the live announcement, comment and analysis. We’ll find out the winners around 12pm BST.
